Understory vegetation, resource availability, and litterfall responses to pine thinning and woody vegetation control in longleaf pine plantations
نویسندگان
چکیده
In s ix 8to 1 1-year-old plantat ions of longleaf pine (Pinus palus tr i s Mill.) near Aiken, S.C., responses of understory vegetation, light, and soil watcr availability and litterfall were studied in relation to pine thinning (May 1994), herbicida1 treatment of nonpine woody vegetat ion (1995-1996), or the combined treatments (treatment responses described below are in absolute units) . Treatment differences in fifth-year (1998) herbaceous species density were as fol lows: p ine th inning > woody control = combined treatments > untreated (33, 30, 30, and 25 species per 40 m2, respectively). Forb and grass covers were 13 and 8% greater, respectively, afier pine thinning and 7 and 9% greater af ter woody control . Pine thinning st imulated a large increase in third-year gap fraction (0.26), shortterm increases in soil water content (lo?), and a reduction in pine litterfall by half (-120 g.rnw2 per year). Woody control had no effect on gap fraction, decreased l i t terfall of nonpine woody vegetation (-32 g.m-2 per year), and stimulated season-long increases in soil water content (l-2%). The ranking of factors affecting herbaceous vegetation responses was as fo l lows: l ight > so i l water > herbicides > li t terfall . Herbaceous species density and covér can be promoted in longleaf pine plantations by intensive thinning of pines and herbicida1 control of non-pine woody vegetation. Résumé : Dans six plantations de pin des marais (Pinus palustris Mill.) âgées de 8 à ll ans et situées près de Aiken en Caroline du Sud, aux États-Unis, la réaction de la végétation de sous-bois , la disponibi l i té de la lumière et de I’eau du sol , de même que la chute de liti&e ont été étudiées en fonction de l’éclaircie (mai 1994), de la répression des autres espèces l igneuses à l’aide d’herbicides (1995-1996) et des trai tements combinés ( les réactions aux trai tements sont présentées en unités absolues). Les différences de densité des esp&ces herbacées attribuables aux traitements après 5 ans étaient : éclaircie des pins > répression des espèces l igneuses = trai tements combinés > témoin (respectivement 33, 30, 30 et 25 esphces par 40 m2). La couverture des graminées et celle des autres especes herbacées étaient respectivement supérieures de 8 et 13% après l’éclaircie et de 9 et 7% apr&s la répression des espèces l igneuses. L’éclaircie a st imulé une forte augmentation de la proportion de trouées a la troisième année (0,26), des augmentat ions à court terme du contenu en eau du sol (1%) et une réduction de moitié de la chute de litière de pin (-120 grnF2 par année). La répression des espèces ligneuses n’a pas eu d’effet sur la proportion de trouées, a réduit la chute de litière des autres espèces l igneuses (-32 gme2 par ant&), et a provoqué des augmentations saisonnières du contenu en eau du so l (l-2%). La classification des facteurs influencant la réaction de la végétation herbacée était : lumière > eau du so l > herbicides > chute de liti&re. La densité et la couverture des espèces herbacées peuvent être augmentées dans les plantat ions de pin des marais par une éclaircie intensive des pins et la répression des autres espèces l igneuses à l’aide d’herbicides. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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تاریخ انتشار 1999